science of yoga, including original quote, and rewording of the sentences:
The analytic lens of the sports establishment began to form in the nineteenth century as health authorities struggled to identify universal factors that determine the origins of human fitness. (Then the book described this as a urgency at the time, because more and more people left county side and farming. As waves of people moved into city, the sedentary lifestyle of cities was viewed upon as unhealthy by medical experts. But they could not achieve consensus on what form of exercise to recommend. The scientific goal was to develop objective standards that would let investigators cut through the competing claims and document what would truly be beneficial.) (extension info: calisthenics)
By 1900, a factor was identified called Vital Capacity. It measured a person's ability to breathe deeply, because breathing is considered a foundation of the metabolism. (also an expression of spirit and soul, science of the day viewed breathing as similar to blowing on a fire--in theory it fanned the body's metabolic flames.)
...scientists defined VC as the maximum volume of air that an individual could exhale after a deep inhalation. (extension info: vital index)
But it was quickly abandoned.
In a study by Archibald V. Hill, an English physiologist who won Nobel in 1922. In reports of 1923 and 1924, Hill and his colleagues coined a term, maximal oxygen uptake, defined as the peak consumption of oxygen during exercise that got incrementally harder. It became a golden standard to physical fitness and exercise physiology.
What determined the MOU? The size of an individual's heart and its ability to send blood rushing through lungs and blood vessels to the muscles. In short, the quantity of blood exygenation matters the most. Today peak oxygen consumption is known by the ubiquitous acronym, VO2 Max (V stands for volume, O2 is oxygen, max for maximum). VO2 Max is accepted around the globe as the best single measure of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic power.
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